By John Lemons
Record Staff Writer

Cañon City Council members range from outright dislike of the Cotter Corp. to viewing it as a troubled industry that was once a prized economic benefit when in started in 1958.

"We have made a strong statement that we don't want to be a toxic waste dump," Mayor H.B. Benny Johnson said. "However, we are not anti-Cotter."

The council approved a resolution in March opposing shipments of low-level radioactive soil from the Maywood Superfund site in New Jersey and supporting Gov. Bill Owens' order to stop or limit the shipments. The intent was to seek the delay of shipments from New Jersey so that the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment could study the materials and determine the impact on the community.

As mayor, Johnson said he has to be neutral. But as a citizen, he believes the health department has the responsibility to make sure Cotter is not a health hazard to its neighbors.

"They do put out a dangerous product," he said. "As long as the health department monitors them, I am for live and let live."

Johnson said the materials that Cotter wants to ship to the mill don't concern him. In addition to the Maywood materials, Cotter also wants to receive radioactive materials from the Li Tungsten Superfund site in New York and has received two shipments of waste from Oklahoma.

"I am not concerned about that, because what I call a toxic material, something that is extremely hazardous, is placed in double barrels," he said.

Johnson said based on what he understands, the Maywood and Li Tungsten materials are not toxic wastes. "This is more or less what Cotter had there before," he said.

"It is like the prisons," said Johnson, who is a retired state prison warden. "People have this fear because they don't know."

Cotter needs to educate the public about the operation, he said.

"I don't have a fear of Cotter, but it is a real fear for some people," Johnson said.

While the city council has issued a resolution of concern about Cotter becoming a toxic or nuclear waste dump, the city has limitations on what it can do because Cotter is outside city limits, he said.

The city supplies water to Cotter at a reduced rate of 48 cents per 1,000 gallons, according to city records. The city also has a contract to supply up to 18 percent of the city's current average daily water supply to Cotter, but Cotter doesn't have the capability of drawing that much water, said Steve Rabe, city administrator.

City officials agreed to supply water to Cotter and the Shadow Mountain Golf Course years ago because Cotter was providing jobs and spending money in the community, Johnson said. The water contract with Cotter was renewed recently by the present city council.

"Cotter and the golf course got a good contract," he said.

The contract with Cotter runs until about 2009, and the city can't break it legally, Johnson said.

Councilman Bill Jackson, who has been a Cañon City resident for 39 years, said he feels Cotter has done as good a job as it can under the circumstances.

"As far as I can tell, they operate under government regulations," he said. "I suspect it is difficult to stay in compliance knowing how government works.

"I think they have been a pretty good neighbor, considering the type of business they are in," said Jackson, who is a retired power company customer service manager. "I think they have been taken to task a little bit hard.

"People don't understand radioactivity and the things it can accomplish. We forget that the atomic bomb ended World War II and saved many, many lives as far as our service people went."

However, the community doesn't want to be known as a waste dump, he said.

Councilman Mike Near, who has said in the past that he will stand in the road to stop shipments to Cotter, is the most adamant in opposition.

"I am really concerned about the health and safety of the community," said Near, who is an elementary school teacher. "I don't believe that the people of Cañon City have a lot of trust in Cotter based on what has happened so far."

Near said he doesn't want to see people lose jobs, but a lot of people have suffered from health problems in Lincoln Park.

If Cotter operates under its uranium ore processing license, that is one thing, he said. But the company doesn't have a license to become a nuclear waste dump.

Near also praised the members of Colorado Citizens Against Toxic Waste for their efforts to educate the public.

Councilman David Russell said he has been frustrated in his attempts to learn more about Cotter and its impact on the community. After going to Denver and talking to officials, he said he came away with little or no real answers.

"If they are doing this in a safe way, then they should continue," Russell said. "But I never got any clear answers."

As for the city's ability to control Cotter, it is outside city jurisdiction, he said. Even the railroad and highways leading through the city by which Cotter can ship materials are controlled by federal agencies, he said.

"Like many citizens here, I have many questions and concerns," Russell said.

Councilwoman Ann Swim is opposed to Cotter's efforts to bring in waste from other sites.

"I am against Cotter becoming a toxic dump," Swim said. Because the city doesn't have control over Cotter, Swim said she has not become as informed about the company as she would like. The council had planned to take a tour of the mill, but the tour hasn't taken place yet.

"I think they have been lax in the past and not followed all the rules," she said of Cotter. "I think the state needs to do a little more looking at things for the citizens."

Councilwoman Barbara Smith said she has not taken a stand on the issue yet.

"It is really a tough situation," Smith said. "I came to the community in 1995, and I am trying hard to learn the facts."

She said she has attended some of the public meetings and CCAT meetings.

"They are very complicated," Smith said of the Cotter issues. "I really have empathy with both CCAT and Cotter."

Councilman Gerald Gill said he is worried about the materials being brought to Fremont County by Cotter.

"I have mixed feelings," he said. "I don't want this stuff coming into our town.

"There are a lot of places that it can go to in Nevada or Utah. I don't understand why they don't send it there other than Cotter needs to make money."

Gill said the council's role is limited. It needs to know what is going on, but it doesn't have regulatory authority, he said.

Mike Gunkel, who was appointed to the council in July, said he is torn between the two sides because he has friends who work at Cotter.

"I think it is a tough call," said the Cañon City High School teacher and golf coach. "I know a lot of people who work at Cotter and they have a right to make a living.

"On the other hand, I don't want us to have New Jersey's waste."

What concerns him is that Cotter has violated employee safety regulations. "If they can't do their job correctly, that is a whole different story," Gunkel said.

_____________________________________________________________________________

Cotter founders sought geologically safe site
Historic failures to contain contaminants leave some dubious of mill's assurances

By Eric Frankowski
Daily Record News Group

CAÑON CITY — Speaking before a meeting of the Colorado Mining Association in 1966, Cotter Corporation founder and executive vice president David Marcott tried to address questions about possible pollution from his mill near Cañon City.

He told those in attendance that management located the mill several miles south of the city only after an exhaustive search to find the best site. Several sites were rejected, he said "because of their proximity to the Arkansas River and the attendant problem of direct release of tailings into the river," especially during flooding.

"Still others were rejected," he continued, "because the topography and area did not assure Cotter that the total of the tailings from its contemplated operations could be safely controlled entirely within the confines of the site."

In the end, Marcott said, even though it burdened the company with having to pipe in water and do without direct rail access, putting the mill in a shallow basin several miles south of the city was "ideal for the purpose of controlling tailings."

"The tailings pond was designed and constructed to carry out the philosophy that it is simpler to eliminate a problem than correct it a later time," he said.

Now, 36 years after Marcott's speech and 18 years after widespread uranium and molybdenum contamination prompted the Environmental Protection Agency to designate a nearby neighborhood as a Superfund site, the same kind of pronouncements have many residents frightened. Cotter hopes, over the next seven years, to bring in up to 470,000 tons of mildly radioactive dirt from a Maywood, N.J., Superfund site and use it to cover its tailings ponds.

"The tailings are not toxic or hazardous waste, and they are appropriate to be placed in disposal cells at the Cañon City mill," Cotter President Richard Cherry told state lawmakers in March.

But while Cotter has done much to improve the quality of its storage facilities since 1966, including building all new, lined impoundments, the fact that contamination slowly trickled through the area's geology and into yards and wells is an inescapable and unforgettable question mark for many.

From the beginning of the mill's operation in 1958 until 1979, waste from the uranium processing was discharged into unlined tailings impoundments, which leaked and resulted in Lincoln Park wells and soils being contaminated with uranium, molybdenum and selenium.

The mill sits in a shallow, arid basin about two miles south of and elevated above Cañon City. To the south of the mill is a prominent hogback. To the north, the slight crest of piñon-dotted Raton Ridge rises between Cotter and the rural, apple tree-lined Lincoln Park and its 4,000 residents.

Cotter's property, according to United States Geological Survey data, "is moderately rolling and slopes generally northeastward," toward Cañon City, Fremont County's largest population center.

Sand Creek, a stream that runs during rains, crosses the mill property from south to north and cuts a notch through Raton Ridge as it meanders toward Lincoln Park and the Arkansas River.

To control flooding, the federal Soil Conservation Service in 1971 built two dams at gaps in Raton Ridge, one along Sand Creek and the other in a ravine farther to the west.

According to investigations conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, "the primary migration pathway of raffinate-affected groundwater was from the vicinity of the uranium mill site and the old tailings ponds, down the Sand Creek drainage, through the Sand Creek gap."

Four years after the EPA listed Lincoln Park as a Superfund site, the Sand Creek dam was buttressed by an additional clay barrier to "further decrease groundwater flow through the . . . gap."

From the 1860s through the 1950s, coal miners excavated dozens of miles of tunnels and caverns from beneath the site where the mill was built and from beneath the surrounding populated areas of Cañon City.

A shaft to the Wolf Park Mine — at 1,084 feet below the surface, the deepest coal shaft in the state — sits in the middle of the Cotter property, directly adjacent to the tailings ponds.

In a 1989 deposition for a damages lawsuit against Cotter, Frank Koklich, a prospector who worked for the company in the 1970s, testified that he witnessed tailings and water being diverted directly into the mine shaft on several occasions.

"They were rerouting the tailings from the old mill and I walked out there, and this old raffinate was going down toward the Wolf Park shaft," Koklich told attorneys, adding that he told his supervisors about it. "I said 'Boy, that's a hell of a thing, leaving that stuff go down there.' "

In a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study conducted by the EPA in 1986, officials concluded that "the Wolf Park mine shaft is suspected of continuing to be a pathway for contaminant migration off site."

But investigators in more recent studies have determined that any contamination of Lincoln Park through the deep layers and formations surrounding the mines is now unlikely.

According to a 1998 USGS report on the migration of water from the Cotter property, impermeable layers of shale embedded in the Poison Canyon Formation, the main geologic feature below the surface of the property, don't permit water flow.

The report also said that even if there is contamination in the Wolf Park shaft, there is little chance that is one of the main contamination avenues.

"Conditions in the Wolf Park Mine are not conducive to transport of dissolved uranium and dissolved molybdenum; therefore, this deep migration pathway is unlikely," the investigators concluded.

"There's nothing down there but dead burros left by old miners," said Cotter executive vice president Rich Ziegler, who has been with the company for 30 years. "We've put that issue to bed. We need to report the facts, and the fact is that there is no contamination in the mines. The USGS did numerous studies to confirm that."

(Mark & Cole:  Remember the May e-mail or memo I sent you that was very short but where Vamvakias is telling about someone taking a reading near a mine entrance by the dam that had high levels of radioactivity when near the mine shaft, and then the readings drop to background when farther from the shaft.   If there's no contamination in the mines, and there is court testimony by employees in the Dodge case who claim under oath otherwise, why would the readings be so dramatically high?  I'm so sick of the lies and the CDPHE letting Cotter lie when they know otherwise.)

________________________________________________________________

Officials weigh Cotter contributions, liabilities
Law-abiding mill benefits community, most contend

By John Lemons
Record Staff Writer

After more than 40 years of operation, the activities of the Cotter Corp. uranium mill south of Cañon City brings out a wide range of opinions from state and county officials.

Joe Rall, Fremont County commissioner and candidate for re-election to a third term, said he isn't in favor of shutting down Cotter as long as it is operating safely.

"Cotter is a legal business, he said. "They have permits to perform processing of uranium and those types of activities, so, I am not in favor of shutting down a legal business as long as they follow the regulations set up by the state and federal agencies."

In the case of the Maywood, N.J., Superfund materials, if the license allows them to dispose of the soil, he said, "I don't feel we have the right to say they can't. Based on the public hearings I attended, there is enough information there so that the department of health can make a decision."

However, he said he doesn't want Cañon City to become known as a nuclear or toxic waste dump.

The Maywood materials are low-level radioactive soils. Cotter wants to use the soil to cover mill tailings, and say it is lower in radioactivity than what already exists in the mill's impoundments.

Opponents of the out-of-state shipments say the soil may be contaminated with toxic materials that make it a health hazard to Cotter workers and Fremont County residents.

Commissioners in March asked the governor to delay the shipments until the state health department could study the materials. The Legislature also passed an emergency bill requiring public hearings. After two hearings and a public comment period, the state health department has yet to decide about the Maywood soil.

"I think it was appropriate for us to have a delay on the shipments until we had a better understanding of the materials they want to bring in," Rall said. "I think the governor and Legislature acted appropriately."

Rall said the county does not have the authority to further regulate uranium mills. He said the board or individual commissioners could comment to federal and state officials about Cotter's operations, but the commissioners have been reserved about making public statements, he said.

"We may be called to make a decision on something that comes before us," he said. "We need to be impartial until we have all the facts.

"If some of the concern is that Cotter's operation is hazardous to the community's health and people are dying because of the operation, the state has the authority to shut down the operation. I don't know if Cotter has that effect on the community."

Rall, a Republican, was elected as the District 2 commissioner in 1995 and re-elected to office in 1998. He is opposed in the general election by Democrat Phil Palmeri and unaffiliated candidate Larry Lasha.

Lasha said he is concerned about the Maywood issue. He said he signed a petition against it.

"If it is not good enough for Maywood, I can't see how it is good for us," he said. "It

doesn't make sense to me."

The cost of shipping the material anywhere in the country is too much for taxpayers to pay, Lasha said.

Elected officials should be informed about the Cotter operations and the shipments of soil to the Cotter mill, he said. Also, the state health department should be more observant of the situation at the mill, he said.

Lasha also praised the efforts of Colorado Citizens Against Toxic Waste for its efforts to bring the issue into the public light. The group has been unfairly criticized for not being informed, he said.

"In my opinion, they are doing the research and doing what they should be doing," Lasha said. "I don't see it as an emotional issue."

Palmeri said he sees both good and bad with the Cotter situation.

"It is a double-edged sword," he said. "Cotter gives us jobs, but we don't need the toxic image."

Palmeri said he wants to see the county keep its jobs and attract more jobs, but Cotter has to do better. Although he has lived in Fremont County for three years, Palmeri said he understands that Cotter has a long history of violations concerning its operations.

While the regulators should make Cotter operate safely, the community doesn't need the reputation of being hard on industry, he said. The county needs more jobs and revenues and Cotter is owned by a larger company that could be a benefit to the area, he said.

If the company can get the safety issues straightened out, then it should be allowed to operate, Palmeri said.

Palmeri said he gives the members of Colorado Citizens Against Toxic Waste a lot of credit for doing what they do to bring the Cotter problems to public attention.

Commissioner Keith McNew, who is not running for re-election this year, said the commissioners don't have control over Cotter, but he believes Cotter can be a good neighbor if the company is monitored.

"I think it can be properly run with no danger to the community. I have been neutral on it before," he said. "I have some strong personal feelings, but there is nothing I can do except get beat up on it."

County Commissioner Jim Schauer, also not running for re-election this year, said it is up to the state to monitor Cotter.

"I would hate to see a 50-year-old company leave town," he said. "If it is legal and the state gives the OK to it, I don't have a problem with it."

However, he said he would like to see safety violations found by the health department at the Cotter mill corrected.

In the race for State Senate District 2, incumbent Ken Kester said he has tried to respond to concerns about the mill. In the last session of the Legislature, he co-sponsored House Bill 1408, which required public hearings and state health department scrutiny of low-level radioactive materials proposed for shipment to Colorado.

Before the legislation, there were no limits on shipments of low-level radioactive materials, he said. Although he received criticism from CCAT members because the legislation didn't go far enough to control the shipments, he said he believes the bill was the best that could be quickly passed through the Legislature.

"If we didn't have HB 1408, I think we would be in deep trouble," Kester said.

The bill stopped the shipments, at least temporarily, and public meetings were held, he said.

In August, Kester asked the health department to conduct a public comment period on the shipments of low-level materials from Superfund sites in other states and require Cotter to provide a better environmental assessment of the impact of the Maywood material. He also asked for a new hearing on the Maywood material.

"I felt our department of health needs to monitor Cotter

more closely," Kester said. "I am not trying to cause trouble or put pressure on anyone, but this is a situation we need to watch closely."

However, Kester's opponent in the Senate District 2 race, Dan Slater, blames Kester for the amendments to HB 1408 that make it easier to get the shipments into Colorado. The same procedure should be followed as that of high-level radioactive waste, he said.

The hearings should be conducted by the Legislature, not Cotter, Slater said. The governor and the Legislature, not the health department, should make the final decision, he said.

"The health department has been historically pro industry," Slater said.

Slater said he is not against Cotter as long as the company safely processes uranium ore as it was first intended to do. He said he is against Cotter becoming a repository for or a processor of materials from other Superfund sites.

"That is what is called sham processing," Slater said of the processing of Superfund materials. "I tried to warn the Legislature that would happen."

Emily Tracy, candidate for the State Representative District 60 seat against incumbent Rep. Lola Spradley, also is concerned about Cotter's attempt to change its operations.

"I think it is unfortunate that the industry, after all these years, is trying to figure out what it can do when it grows up," she said.

Converting Cotter from uranium ore processing to waste disposal from other sites is not what some people think Cotter should be doing, Tracy said. The problem is that there doesn't seem to be enough information about the material that has been shipped to the mill.

"Some of that material is high in radiation," she said. "It is more than uranium ore."

She also cited the lack of control by agencies such as the state health department and the Environmental Protection Agency.

"After having worked in a state regulatory capacity, I know they are understaffed and under budgeted for the job they do," said Tracy, who recently retired from the Colorado Department of Human Services. "I don't think in general we can rely on government agencies to protect the public."

Elected officials need to look at the state and federal laws that govern functions of companies such as Cotter, she said. There are a lot of gaps in the laws, she said.

Spradley, a Republican, said the Cotter issue has created division and uncertainty in Cañon City. She said people have told her they are concerned about jobs and employee and community safety.

The health department appears to be doing an adequate job protecting the community, she said. When she spoke to health department officials, she said she found the decisions to be based on good rationale and not arbitrary.

"As far as I can tell, they (health department officials) are conscientious about what they are doing," Spradley said. "I think they are doing the best job they know how to do."

When she co-sponsored HB 1408, she was met with resistance from other legislators who didn't think the Legislature should be holding hearings and deciding whether a company such as Cotter should receive low-level radioactive materials. Because the Legislature only meets four months out of the year, many elected officials believed it would put an undue hardship on business owners to require legislative hearings to approve shipments, she said.

If HB 1408 needs to be improved, she can address that in the next session, she said.

As for Cotter, the executives need to let the people know more about what they want to do and how it will impact the community, Spradley said. The impact on the economy from Cotter needs to be better understood, she said.

"I think there are people on both sides of the issue in the community," she said. "But everyone wants to understand and know they are safe."

_______________________________________________________________

Cotter series Web site addresses

General Nuclear Energy Timelines

— www.ne.doe.gov/uranium/history.html

— www.eia.doe.gov/kids/milestones/ nuclear.html

— www.sea-us.org.au/timeline.html

— www.wma-minelife.com/uranium/ papers/histur.htm

Cotter/General Atomics History

— www.cotterusa.com

— www.generalatomics.com

— www.aip.org/aip/corporate/ 2000/blue.htm

— www.sea-us.org.au/pdfs/nukefree/ GenAtoms99.pdf

— www.sea-us.org.au/gulliver/ga.html

— www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/ data/22606/0000950131-99-001079.txt

Superfund information

National Priority List:

— www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/

query/queryhtm/nplfin.htm

A citizen's guide to Superfund:

— www.epa.gov/unix0008/superfund/citznsf.html

Superfund Region 2 (New Jersey and New York) site fact sheets:

— www.epa.gov/region02/superfund/npl/njtoc.htm

Superfund sites in Colorado:

—www.cdphe.state.co.us/hm/sf_sites.asp

Lincoln Park Superfund site:

— www.epa.gov/unix0008/superfund/sites/co/lincpark.html

— www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/nar860.htm

Maywood Chemical Co. Superfund site:

—www.epa.gov/region02/superfund/npl/0200665c.htm

Li Tungsten Corp. Superfund site:

— www.epa.gov/region02/ superfund/npl/0202972c.htm

Malcolm Pirnie report on Li Tungsten site

— www.pirnie.com/pirnieprojects/

project1046.htm

Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment:

— www.cdphe.state.co.us/lr/cotter/

Cotter_Main.htm

— www.cdphe.state.co.us/lr/ lincoln_park.htm

— www.cdphe.state.co.us/release/ 2002/071802.html

— www.cdphe.state.co.us/lr/cotter/ ROD.htm

— www.cdphe.state.co.us/lr/cotter/ NRDRF.htm

— www.cdphe.state.co.us/hm/ rpcotter.asp

— www.cdphe.state.co.us/op/regs/radiationregs.asp

Uranium Markets

— www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/nuclear/uia/

— www.earhisland.org/yggdrasil/ uep11_01.html

— www.world-nuclear.org/info/ inf22print.htm

— www.uxc.com/review/uxc_g_price.html

— www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/commission/tr/1997/19970513a.html

— www.nuke-energy.com/data/ other/doe_reports.html

— nuclear.gov/reports/HEUAgreement2001.pdfUranium and Thorium Tailings/11e(2)/Alternate Feed

— www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/commission/tr/1997/19970513a.html

— www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/commission/tr/1998/19980617a.html

— www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/commission/tr/1997/19970513a.html

— www.senate.gov/~armed_services/ statemnt/980903eh.htm

— www.tenorm.com/regs3.htm

— www.world-nuclear.org/ nb/nb02/nb0210.htm

— www.antenna.nl/wise/540/5229.html

— www.nrc.gov/materials/ srcmaterial.html

— www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/mill-tailings.html

— www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/commission/tr/1997/19970513a.html

— www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/commission/orders/2000/2000-001cli.html

— www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/commission/tr/1997/19970513a.html

-- www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/gen-comm/reg-issues/2000/ri00023.html

— www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/commission/tr/1997/19970513a.html

— www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/commission/tr/1997/19970513a.html

— www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/commission/tr/1997/19970513a.html

— www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/commission/cvr/1999/1999-012vtr.html

— www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/commission/tr/1997/19970513a.html

— ruleforum.llnl.gov/cgi-bin/downloader/NMA_PRM_public/990-0007.htm

Maywood soil

— www.fusrapmaywood.com/Docs/MISS-039.pdf

— www.fusrapmaywood.com/Docs/MISS-042.pdf

— www.fusrapmaywood.com/Docs/MISS-081.pdf

— www.fusrapmaywood.com/Docs/MISS-095.pdf

— www.fusrapmaywood.com/Docs/MISS-119.pdf

— www.fusrapmaywood.com/ Docs/MISS-135.pdf

— www.fusrapmaywood.com/ Docs/MISS-140.pdf

— www.fusrapmaywood.com/ Docs/MISS-156.pdf

— www.fusrapmaywood.com/ Docs/MISS-157.pdf

— www.fusrapmaywood.com/ Docs/MISS-174.pdf

— www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/ DOE/doe4.html#47

— www.atsdr.cdc.gov/gsql/ getchems.script?in_site=NJD980529762

— www.fusrapmaywood.com/ projmain.htm

— www.fusrapmaywood.com/

factsheet%5Csitehist.htm

Zirconium

— www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/ data/811156/000095012402002792/k71197e10vq.txt

— www.ceramicindustry.com/CDA/

ArticleInformation/features/BNP__

Features__Item/0,2710,69831,00.html

— minerals.er.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/zirconium/730302.pdf

— minerals.er.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/zirconium/730401.pdf

Sequoyah Fuels

— www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2000/October/Day-02/i25236.htm

— nrmnc.cas.okstate.edu/

— www.antenna.nl/wise/445/4412.html

Cancer statistics/ health information

State death statistics

— www.cdphe.state.co.us/hs/ hsshom.asp

Frequently asked questions about radiation risk from occupational exposure:

— www.cdphe.state.co.us/lr/Coocc.htm

Colorado Central Cancer Registry:

— www.cdphe.state.co.us/pp/ cccr/cccrincidence9398.asp

Cancer in Central Colorado study:

— www.cdphe.state.co.us/pp/ccpc/Central_Rpt_Final.pdf

Agency for Toxic Substances and

Disease Registry:

— www.atsdr.cdc.gov/

Toxicological profiles for hazardous

substances:

— www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxpro2.html

Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program

— www.dol.gov/esa/regs/compliance/ owcp/eeoicp/main.htm

Biographical material

Carolyn McIntosh

— www.pattonboggs.com/ourlawyers/a-z/cmcintosh.html

Louise Roselle

— www.wsbclaw.com/ LouiseRoselle.html

Pat Teegarden

— www.state.co.us/owenspress/07-26-01b.htm

— www.cdphe.state.co.us/op/bh/ BOHMay2000.PDF

— www.pattonboggs.com/ourlawyers/a-z/pteegarden.html

Court cases

Dodge case

— www.kscourts.org/ca10/cases/ 2000/02/99-1178.htm

General, miscellaneous information

Institute for Energy and Environmental Research uranium fact sheet:

— www.ieer.org/fctsheet/uranium.html

A Guide to the U.S. Department of

Energy's Low-Level Radioactive Waste:

— www.nsc.org/public/ehc/ rad/lowleve.pdf

U.S. Census Bureau, Fremont County quick facts:

quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/08/08043.html

Colorado Citizens Against Toxic Waste:

— www.ccatoxicwaste.org/index.htm

World Information Service on Energy, an environmental research group

— www.antenna.nl/wise

— www.antenna.nl/wise/

uranium/uwai.html

House Bill 02-1408

— www.leg.state.co.us

FUSRAP radiation in the environment guide

— www.fusrapmaywood.com/factsheet/radenv.htm

Radiation, radioactive material

background material:

Recommended bioassay levels

— www.uos.harvard.edu/ehs/radsafety.gui_bio.shtml

Glossary of terms

— www.uos.harvard.edu/ehs/radsafety/glossary.shtml

— www.fusrapmaywood.com/

factsheet/gloss.htm

Nuclear energy industry - past, present, future (fee charged)

— library.northernlight.com

Understanding radiation

— www.epa.gov/radiation/topics/

understand/index.html

National Geographic report (excerpt)

magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0207/feature1/index.html

Thorium background material

— www.thorium-waste.com/Appl.html

— www.iaea.or.at/ns/rasanet/information/glossary_t.htm

— www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/phs9025.html

— pearl1.lanl.gov/periodic/elements/90.html

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